The Delaware Division of Parks and Recreation is
developing a unique museum dedicated to the World War II history of
Delaware. Fort Miles, the largest seacoast fortification built in the United
States, offers an excellent context for this endeavor.
The interpretive plan envisions four different visitor
experiences:
- Battery 519 South Gun Block – 12" naval rifle
with support areas recreated.
- Battery 519 North Gun Block – Underwater
listening station with 15 work stations.
- Barracks Area – Recreated barracks for living
history events, museum, and small guns exhibit.
- Defense in Depth – The artillery park.
Concept: Battery 519 Central
Hall – World War II in the Atlantic
The early war years featured numerous U-boat attacks
within sight of the Delaware coast. German Naval strategy at the time
emphasized the use of battleships as commerce raiders in tandem with the
submarine threat. Fort Miles combined heavy artillery and a sophisticated
minefield to deter the surface and subsurface threats. The museum will
employ news reels, posters, news reports, and interpretive media to give the
visitor a sense of the urgency that resulted in the construction of Fort
Miles. Special emphasis will be given to the Delaware home front. A
professionally produced orientation film will prepare the visitor for the
experience.
Concept: Battery 519 South
Battery – 12" Gun Room, Coast Defense
The heavy 12" guns could hurl a projectile weighing
1200 pounds a distance of 15 miles with great accuracy. The scale of the gun
and its supporting equipment is impressive. The gun weighs 91 tons and is
over 50 feel long. When mounted on its carriage it stands over 13 feet high.
The gun required 350 pounds of powder to deliver its rounds to the target.
The display consists of the gun and carriage, and will include the loading equipment,
simulated powder bags, a shot cart, and a number of 12-inch rounds cast from
fiberglass. A shell room in the hall will include the standard load out of
shells (250) and a powder room will be filled with the required number of
powder bags to support the firing of 250 rounds. The gun barrel will be
illuminated during hours of operation so that visitors may look through the
breach down the rifled bore. A plug installed in the muzzle when the exhibit
is closed will keep the tube clear of water and debris.
Concept: Battery 519 North
Gun Room – Underwater Listening Station and Early Warning Systems
The use of underwater microphones is an effective
defense against submarines. Hydrophones, placed at intervals along the ocean
floor, allowed operators to track the path of U-boats approaching the coast.
This information was then relayed to ships and aircraft tasked with
destroying these vessels. The gunroom will be redesigned to house a circular
room containing fifteen computer-assisted listening stations. Each station
will be equipped with a set of audio filters. Comfortable seating and high
quality headphones are to be provided for each listener. The computer
workstations employ a database that will catalogue and identify sounds for
the listener. Two distinct groups of sounds may be identified: man-made and
biological. Biological sounds are those created by sea life. Ships of
various sorts create man-made sounds. The database supplies a video
information display concerning the creature or the vessel passing.
Concept: The Soldier Barracks
– The War Years
The remaining soldiers’ barracks will be used in a
variety of ways to enhance the visitors’ understanding of the period. Extant
structures include four barracks buildings, a supply and administration
building, and a recreation building. The cantonment buildings will provide
space for museum exhibits, space for overnight accommodations of re-enactors
or special camps, and interactive living history programs.
Concept: Defense in Depth –
The Artillery Park
The Division of Parks and Recreation has assembled a
representative model of most of the guns which constituted the armament of
Fort Miles. The concept of defense in depth provided for specialized weapons
located throughout the reservation. Each of these weapons was designed to
answer a specific threat. These guns will be displayed in the cantonment
area in sandbag revetments.
Concept: History Education:
History and Mathematics
Fort Miles provides a unique opportunity to provide
student programming that addresses multiple state educational standards. For
example, students will use historic equipment to determine targeting
solutions. Geometry, trigonometry, and algebra are required to complete the
assignment. This is just one of many educational programs that are currently
being developed.
|